budgets pass now on majority vote...so if you think prison spending should be slashed, there isnt anything from stopping the majority dems and dem governor from doing so. But they dont want to piss off the prison guard union.
as for the education system....again, all dems control, all union control. There is nothing stopping the majority dems and dem governor from fixing education in CA. Except they dont want to piss off the teachers union.
The only thing that the republicans can do as a legislative body is vote no on tax increases, which still need a 2/3rds vote.